In this section we are going to learn the most important topics of Spanish grammar with the help of Don Quijote and Sancho Panza of a simple and very entertaining way. Next, you can practise what you have learned on the exercises pages.
The verbs are a class of words formed by a root (or lexeme) and a completion (morpheme or ending), which function is to indicate actions or the persons' states, animals or things.
| Root or lexeme | Morpheme or ending |
|---|---|
| aventur | expert |
| venc | in |
| traduc | imos |
Below, the words in red sound verbs:
The freedom, Sancho,
it is one of the most beautiful gifts
that gave the skies to the men;
with her the treasures cannot be equal
that shuts the ground up and the sea conceals;
for freedom as well as for the honor,
it is possible to venture the life
and, on the contrary,
the captivity is the biggest evil
that can come to the men.
All the verbs in Spanish in his not combined form (Infinitive Way) qualify in accordance with his completions or endings in:
The verb is composed by a root or lexeme, which is the part of the word that contains the meaning, and the morphemes or endings that are those who indicate the grammatical accidents of the verb. The grammatical accidents of the verb are changes that the verb presents to express person, number, time, way and voice.
| Accidents | Classes | |
|---|---|---|
| Number | Singular | Action belongs to a person. ej: He studies French. |
| Plural | Action belongs to more than one person. ej: They sing flamenco. |
|
| Person | The first | One or more persons speak. ej: We walk very much. |
| Second | One or more persons listen. ej: You drank the milk. |
|
| Third | Of whom it (is) one speaks. ej: He lives in Granada. |
|
| Time | Past | The action has been realized. ej: They wrote the letters. |
| Present | The action is realized. ej: They speak Spanish. |
|
| Future | The action will be realized. ej: We will travel tomorrow. |
|
| Way | Indicative | A real action in a present, last or future time. ej: The girl was sleeping in the evening. |
| Subjunctive mood | They express desire, possibility, doubt, hypothesis. ej: I would like to say many things to you. |
|
| Imperative | It indicates order, request, entreaty or invitation. ej: Light the light now! |
|
| Voice | It activates | The subject executes the action. ej: Cervantes wrote the book. |
| Passive | The subject receives the action. ej: The book was written by Cervantes. |
|
In Spanish, the verb always agrees with the person to whom it refers. To bring together a verb is to use the form adapted to the time and to the person about which we speak. The verbs can be in singular and in plural.
| Number | Person | Verb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | 1st person | I | cant or |
| 2nd person | You | cant grasp | |
| 3rd person | He, she, you | cant to | |
| Plural | 1st person | We (-grasp) | cant owners |
| 2nd person | You (-grasp) | cant áis | |
| 3rd person | They, they, you | cant an | |
Not personal forms of the verb are those that do not express the grammatical person who realizes the action of the verb:
Personal forms are those that express the grammatical person who realizes the action of the verb and if it is a question of a (singular) person or more persons (plural). The conjugation of the verb has six different completions for six persons who can be the subject:
